A Guide to Steering and Suspension Maintenance

Steering and suspension systems work tirelessly behind the scenes to ensure a safe, comfortable, and enjoyable driving experience. Just like any other component of your car, they require regular maintenance to function optimally. If you neglect the steering or suspension, you might face bouncy rides, unexpected steering inputs, and other issues, compromising your safety and the car’s longevity. We’ll explain the importance and methods of easily maintaining the steering and suspension systems of your car.

Understanding Steering and Suspension Systems

Your car's steering system is your command centre; it starts from the steering wheel and ends with the steering arm that turns the wheels. The primary job of the steering system is to control the direction and manoeuvre the vehicle.

Components of the steering system

Steering wheel - It is a wheel in the cockpit that the driver can rotate left or right to control the direction and manoeuvre the vehicle.
Steering column - It is a shaft connecting the steering wheel to the steering gear.
Steering gear - Steering gear is typically a rack and pinion gear set which converts rthe otational motion of the steering wheel into horizontal movement of the tie rods.
Tie rods - Tie rods carry the movement from the steering gear to the steering arm.
Steering arm - It uses the horizontal motion of a tie rod to turn the wheel.
Electric motor - In an electric power steering system, an electric motor reduces the effort of turning the steering wheel by the driver.
Hydraulic system - A hydraulic steering system uses hydraulic pressure of power steering fluid to reduce the effort of turning the steering wheel.

The suspension system consists of springs, dampers, struts, and links. It connects the car chassis with the axles. The suspension system absorbs bumps and also helps keep your car’s tyre planted on the road.

Components of the suspension system:

Springs - Coil or leaf springs absorb impact and maintain tyre contact with the road.
Shock absorbers/dampers - A damper absorbs the shocks from bumps and potholes and controls the up-and-down movement of the springs.
Control arms - The control arms link the wheel hub with the car chassis.
Ball joints - Ball joints allow the suspension and steering knuckle to move together.
Bushings - Bushings are used to avoid metal-to-metal contact with the stabiliser bar and control rod.

Benefits of Regular Steering and Suspension Maintenance

Both steering and suspension systems work together to deliver a safe and comfortable driving experience. Here’s why it is always recommended to maintain your car’s steering and suspension systems:

With a correctly working steering system, it is unlikely that the driver will lose control of the car.
A well-maintained steering and suspension system will offer responsive steering and better handling.
The ride quality improves when all the suspension components are working in perfect order.
Tyre life is enhanced with all the suspension and steering components in the required condition.
Any issue with the suspension or steering system of the car, when detected early, reduces repair costs.

Signs your Steering and Suspension Need Maintenance

It is crucial to recognise the signs when your car’s steering or suspension systems need maintenance.

Warning signs in the steering system and their causes

Looseness in the steering wheel - worn-out tie rod ball joints or bushings
Difficulty turning - There might be a problem with the power steering system
Vibration in the steering wheel - This may be caused by loose bearings or misaligned/unbalanced wheels.

Warning signs in the suspension system and their causes

Uneven tyre wear - Maybe caused by improper wheel alignment or worn-out suspension components
Excessive bouncing - If there is more than usual bouncing when going over a bump, it could be caused by a damaged shock absorber.
Suspension noise - It is caused by worn-out bushings and ball joints.
Car pulling to one side - This is caused by uneven tyre pressure or misaligned wheels.

Common Steering and Suspension Problems

Worn-out tie rods
Worn-out ball joints
Worn-out bushings
Faulty power steering motor
Damaged shock absorbers or struts
Broken springs
Loose bolts and bearings
Bent stabiliser rod
Poor alignment

Steering and Suspension Maintenance Tips and Best Practices

The best way to keep your car’s steering and suspension in working order is to maintain them at regular intervals. You can follow the practices mentioned below to keep them in good shape.

Opt for a complete suspension inspection at a well-equipped garage at least once a year, usually during scheduled servicing.
Maintain proper tyre pressure because incorrect tyre pressure can put additional stress on the suspension components and increase wear. Check tyre pressures on a monthly basis.
Reduce speed over speed breakers, bumps, potholes or bad roads. Reducing speed decreases the impact on the suspension components and increases their life.

Professional Suspension Repairs vs Self-maintenance

Suspension and steering systems are critical car components that require specialised tools and expertise in inspecting and repairing. This equipment is usually not available at home and is quite expensive to purchase. Steering and suspension components are heavy and require precise calibration during replacement. Incorrect servicing could lead to a compromise on vehicle stability and safety.

It is best to get your suspension and steering system repaired by a professional garage or experienced mechanic.

Basic Self-inspection Tips

You can do simple tasks to keep your vehicle’s suspension in good shape.

Check your tyre pressure and tread depth on a monthly basis.
Observe suspension components, tie rods, bushings and ball joints for any visible problems or leaks.
Pay attention to any strange noises, especially when you go over bumps. Any clunking, squeaking, or grinding noise might mean some parts are worn out and need replacement.

When to Seek Professional Help

You must opt for expert suspension repairs whenever you encounter any of the following issues or problems mentioned above:

The steering wheel is hard to turn
Uneven tyre wear even with correct tyre pressure
Visible loose ball joints or bushings
Fluid leaking from the shock absorber
Fluid leaking from the hydraulic power steering system
Problems you cannot understand, but your car is not driving smoothly

Conclusion

Maintaining your car's engine health is important, but as you understand the criticality of the steering and suspension system, you will prioritise their maintenance through regular inspections and basic care. It is crucial to have your suspension in great shape to tackle any road conditions in India. A well-maintained steering and suspension system will boost your confidence when driving your car and ensure a safe, comfortable, and enjoyable experience.

FAQs

Q. What is the importance of steering control?

The steering system allows you to direct, turn and manoeuvre your car as and when needed safely and accurately. It also helps you avoid obstacles, navigate corners, and change lanes.

Q. What is the importance of a suspension system?

The suspension system is crucial for keeping the tyres in contact with the road for optimum grip. The suspension system is also responsible for keeping the vehicle stable, while absorbing bumps and vibrations.

Q. Does suspension need maintenance?

Yes, the suspension system in your car needs maintenance because it has many components that undergo wear and tear with time. Regular maintenance ensures all the components function properly and prevents premature failure.

Q. What is the most common problem in the suspension system?

The most common problems in the suspension system are worn-out ball joints, bushing, and leaking shock absorbers or struts.

Q. How often do I need to get my car suspension replaced?

The suspension of your car needs to be replaced only when issues arise. This depends on the age and mileage of the vehicle. Frequent high impacts on suspension might cause the need for early suspension component replacement.

Q. Which is the most important part of the car steering system?

There is no single "most important" part of the steering system. The steering system functions as a complete unit, with each component playing a crucial role. Any malfunctioning part can affect the overall steering performance.